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Low Voltage Cut-Out Circuit diagram. This circuit will detect when the voltage of a 12v battery reaches a low level. This is to prevent deep-discharge or maybe to prevent a vehicle battery becoming discharged  to a point where it will not start a vehicle. This circuit is different to anything previously presented. It has HYSTERESIS. Hysteresis is a feature where the upper and lower detection-points are separated by a gap.  Low Voltage Cut-Out Circuit diagram : Low Voltage Cut-Out Circuit Diagram Normally,  the circuit will deactivate the relay when the voltage is 10v and when the load is removed. The battery voltage will rise slightly by as little as 50mV and turn the circuit ON again. This is called "Hunting." The off/on timing has been reduced by adding the 100u. But to prevent this totally from occurring, a 10R to 47R is placed in the emitter lead. The circuit will turn off at 10v but will not turn back on until 10.6v when a 33R is in the emitter. The value of this ...

See figure below its power amplifier using transistor mosfet as amplifier. Mosfet Amplifier with power output 400W

Spesification of this amplifier is high enough , and require a lot of expense to make this super-power amplifier. In the transformer using 20A and manufactered / branded ERA , ERA trafo is one of the best transformer , in addition to the power amplifier as well as power supply adapter , regulator , stabilizer , charger , etc. Because copper is intact , a strong iron and did not issue a frequency so that when the amplifier is turned on , output sound amplifier no buzzing. So if you in choosing a transformer , do not hesitate to use the transformer branded ERA.   Above and below the picture is the end of the amplifier circuit, so-called booster amplifier. Picture above using 14 pairs of transistor MJ15025G and his partner MJ15024G . Transistor price range of $5 - $6 , has power output of 250W on each transistor , for more details , see datasheet of each transistor. Click to view larger Installed transistor with resistor but still a mess Transistors MJ5025G and MJ15024G very fith with...

In the ‘Wire Loop Game’, a test of dexterity,  the player has to pass a metal hoop along a  twisted piece of wire without letting the hoop  touch the wire. Usually all the associated electronics does is ring a bell to indicate when the  player has lost. The version described here has  a few extra features to make things a bit more  exciting, adding a time limit to the game and a ticking sound during play. Two 555 timer ICs are used to provide these  functions. IC1 is configured as a monostable which controls the time allowed for the  game, adjustable using potentiometer P1. IC2  is a multivibrator to provide the ticking and Two 555 timer ICs are used to provide these  functions. IC1 is configured as a monostable which controls the time allowed for the  game, adjustable using potentiometer P1. IC2  is a multivibrator to provide the ticking and he continuous buzz that indicates when the  player has touched the wire with the hoop. Circuit diagram : Wire Loop Game Circuit Diagram When...

Pyroelectric Fire Sensor -Circuit-Diagram. Here is an ultra-sensitive fire sensor that exploits the direct piezoelectric  property  of  an ordinary piezo element to detect fire. The lead  zirconate  titanate  crystals  in the piezo element has a property to de-form and generate an electric potential plifier with gate protected p-channel.  MOSFETs in the inputs. It has high speed  of  performance  and  low  input current requirements. There are two inputs—the non inverting input (pin 3) connected to the piezo element through diode D7 (OA71) that carries the volt-age signal from the piezo element and the inverting input (pin 2) that gets a momentarily changes the voltage level at pin 3 of IC1 and its output swings high. Transistor T1 conducts taking the reset pin 12 of IC2 to ground. IC2 is now enabled and start oscillating. With the shown values of the oscillating components C3 (0.22) and R8 (1M), when heated, thus converti...

This little circuit uses a LM317 variable voltage regulator to adjust the input voltage down to +9 volt, or whatever else you need. Just a solid basic circuit without bells and whistles. You can do with a 10uF capacitor for C1 if your battery is close to this circuit. If it is located more than 3 feet increase the value to 100uF or above. Without a coolrib it can easily handle 500mA. If you need more, or the maximum current (1.5A), then a good coolrib is required. Trimmer potent meter R3 will vary the output voltage. Ceramic capacitor C2 improves frequency/transient response. Can be omitted if not needed for your application. If you want extra protection in case the adjust pin is short circuited, add an extra 1N4001 diode over the input and the output. Cathode to input. But normally only used if the output is way over 25V. R1 and R3 determine the output voltage. You can adapt them for your own needs and applications. Use the following formula: (((R1+R3)/R2)+1)*1.25=V-out which...

Amplification is the method of increasing the amplitude of a AC signal current or voltage such as audio signal for sound or video signal for a television picture. The amplifier allows a small input signal to control a bigger amount of power in the output circuit. The output signal is a replica of the original input signal but has higher amplitude. Amplification is necessary as in most applications, the signal is weak to be used directly. For example, an audio output of 1mV from a microphone is unable to drive a loud speaker which requires a few volts to operate. Hence, the signal require to be amplified to a few volts before it can be fed in to the loud speaker. NP N Transistor Circuit Configurations An example of different type of transistor configurations in the circuit is as shown in Figure one below. (1) The common emitter(CE) circuit makes use of emitter as its common electrode. The input signal is applied to the base and the amplified output is taken from the collector. This is t...

Circuit Diagram Schematic Diagram for a Voltage Doubling Circuit (capacitor values are in microF) This is a circuit that outputs a voltage Vout that is approximately twice the level of the Vcc voltage.     The circuit uses a 555 timer IC configured as an astable multivibrator, i.e., it generates a continuous square wave signal of a set frequency as long as its reset pin (pin 4) is held high.  This means that the 555 output toggles between '1' and '0' continuously at the set frequency.     When the circuit is powered up and the 555 output (pin 3) goes to logic '1' for the very first time, its near-Vcc voltage level causes C3 to charge up through D2 and also reach near-Vcc level. When the output goes to logic '0', C2 charges from Vcc through D1, also to a near-Vcc level.  When the 555 output goes back to logic '1' again, C3 may still have some (if not most) of its charge left, and will allow to charge up to a higher level since it is now effectivel...

Description. The circuit diagram shown here is of a simple DC power delay circuit that is based on an SCR. This circuit is a very handy one and can be employed in many applications. The working of this circuit is very simple. When the input power is applied the capacitor C2 charges through resistor R2 and when the voltage across the capacitor just exceeds the Zener diode D3’s breakdown voltage, it breaks down and the SCR H1 is triggered and the delayed power will be available at the delayed OUT terminal.   Circuit diagram   Notes. The circuit must be assembled on a good quality PCB. The Zener diode must be rated half the input supply voltage. The current capacity of the circuit depends on the SCR and here it is 4A.

18 Watt Lite Marshall 18 Watt Lite  (schematic) 18 Watt Fender Pro Jr.

Changing the voltage to frequency scale in the design of an electronic device is sometimes necessary. The series of articles voltage to frequency converter with the XR 4151 is one answer. Voltage to Frequency converter circuit with the XR 4151 is the idea of time in college, when there are projects to create a tool to hatch chicken eggs. It will be my neighbor also write articles incubators chicken egg-based microcontroller AT89C2051. Maybe there are friends who still remember to this project. Back to the topic of voltage to frequency converter circuit with the XR 4151. IC XR 4151 is a major component of voltage to frequency converter (Voltage to Frequency Converter). From voltage to frequency converter circuit with XR 4151 on the input signal circuit is a DC voltage level. IC XR4151 on voltage to frequency converter circuit serves to convert the voltage level coming into form in the development of the frequency change, where the output frequency range of voltage to frequency converter...

This TRF receiver covers the AM broadcast, band and longwave bands (used in Europe and Asia for broadcasting). A loop antenna is used for reception and an external antenna can be connected. Frequency coverage is 150 to 1600 kHz. Two-Band Radio Circuit Diagram

This is a simple project of Laser Level Detector Circuit Diagram. Rotating laser levels, which are very handy  for setting objects in a room or garden at the  same height, are available at prices of a few  dozen pounds. At relatively large distances  and for outdoor use, the light from the rotating laser beam is often not easy to see, and  the laser beam detector described here can  be useful in such situations. The detector  works well at distances up to 50 metres (150  feet) and consists entirely of standard components. The detector is housed in a plastic case  that can be fixed to an object (such as a post  or a beam). It has three LEDs and a beeper that  indicate whether the object should be raised  or lowered. . . LEDs with a transparent package and integrated lens (round surface) are used as sensors. The top and bottom detection zones  each have five LEDs and two opamps (IC1a &  IC1b or IC1c & IC1d), whic...

This is a given electronic circuit with LEDs , to roll the dice just push the button. The electronics also ensures that no one can try to improve their lot by messing with the data. The key component of the data is a digital counter, an IC 4060 (IC1). This IC has a phase oscillator integrated so that only two resistors (R7, R8) and one capacitor (C7) is required to generate a clock.   Electronic Data Circuit with LEDs The clock signal is divided, and the division is called 'CT' in the design of IC symbol. For example, the output signal CT3 (pin 7) is a square wave with a frequency equal to the clock frequency divided by 23 (8). The clock signal is divided by 24 (16) in the outlet CT4 for 25 (32) CT5 output, and so on. This means that the output signals form a binary number.

Overview: The AN12941A is an amplifier IC for stereo  speakers which can output 1 W by 8 Ω or 2 W by 4 Ω.  The AGC circuit is built-in to prevent the resonance  or the vibration by the speaker's energy and the   clipping distortion what is called "broken up sound."  of the speakers. Also, to reduce power consumption, AN12941A  has a built-in function which automatically detects the  input signal and can automatically enter power save  mode when there is no signal. Features: Speaker amplifier is 1 W × 2-channel: 8 Ω, VCC = 5 V or 2 W × 2-channel: 4 Ω, VCC = 5 V Built-in AGC circuit  Prevention of the resonance or the vibration by  the speaker's energy and the clipping distortion  of the speaker by AGC at excessive input signal  (with AGC on/off switch). Built-in automatic power saving function  It detects input signals and switches on/off (with  the on/off switch for the automatic power saving). Operating supply voltag...

Here is a Simple LED Volt meter to Monitor the charge level in Lead Acid Battery or Tubular battery. The terminal voltage of the battery is indicated through a four level LED indicators. The nominal terminal voltage of a Lead Acid battery is 13.8 volts and that of a Tubular battery is 14.8 volts when fully charged. The LED voltmeter uses four Zener diodes to light the LEDs at the precise breakdown voltage of the Zener diodes. Usually the Zener diode requires 1.6 volts in excess than its prescribed value to reach the breakdown threshold level. When the battery holds 13.6 volts or more, all the Zener breakdown and all LEDs light up. When the battery is discharged below 10.6 volts, all the LEDs remain dark. So depending on the terminal voltage of the battery, LEDs light up one by one or turns off. LED Volt Meter Circuit Circuit diagram: LED Volt Meter Circuit Diagram Author: D. Mohan Kumar Copyright: electroschematics.com

Measures 10mV to 50Volt RMS in eight ranges Simply connect to your Avo-meter set @ 50uA range Circuit diagram Parts: R1 909K 1/2Watt 1% Metal Oxide Resistor R2 90K9 1/2Watt 1% Metal Oxide Resistor R3 9K09 1/2Watt 1% Metal Oxide Resistor R4 1K01 1/2Watt 1% Metal Oxide Resistor R5 100K 1/4W Resistor R6 2M2 1/4W Resistor R7 82K 1/4W Resistor R8 12K 1/4W Resistor R9 1K2 1/4W Resistor R10 3K3 1/4W Resistor R11 200R 1/2W Trimmer Cermet C1 330nF 63V Polyester Capacitor C2,C3 100uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor C4 220uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor C5 33pF 63V Polystyrene Capacitor C6 2u2 63V Electrolytic Capacitor D1-D4 1N4148 75V 150mA Diodes IC1 CA3140 Op-amp IC2 CA3130 Op-amp SW1 2 poles 5 ways rotary switch SW2 SPDT switch J1 RCA audio input socket J2,J3 4mm. output sockets B1 9V PP3 Battery Clip for PP3 Battery Notes: Connect J2 and J3 to an Avo-meter set @ 50uA range Switching SW2 the four input ranges can be multiplied by 5 Total fsd ranges are: 10mV, 50mV, 100mV, 500mV, 1V, 5V, 10V, 50V Se...

I recently bought a little electric guitar for my daughter. It had a few issues (more on that in a future post), but all in all it’s a decent enough instrument. I wanted to build her a small portable amp to go with it, and this one, based on a TDA7052 audio power amplifier, came recommended: http://www.redcircuits.com/Page96.htm It’s a very simple, compact circuit, and theoretically you can fit it into a cigarette packet. However, I was happy enough to fit it into a plastic box, which allowed me to use a slightly larger speaker and also not have to worry so much about cramming everything into a tiny space. I also left out J2 (the output jack), since I have no intention of connecting this to a larger amplifier. Here’s the box, speaker, speaker grill (actually, it’s a fan grill from a computer, since I couldn’t find a suitable speaker cover), jack and veroboard. First we drill (well, bore) a large hole for the speaker in the lid. Centring the hole: Boring: This is how it turned out, stil...

Description This device is designed to be a simple, inexpensive ‘comparator’, intended for use in a solar cell power supply setup where a quick ‘too low’ or ‘just right’ voltage indicator is needed. The circuit consists only of one 5V regulator, two transistors, two LEDs, five resistors, two capacitors, and one small battery. Although a 4-V battery is indicated, 4.5 V (3 alkalines in series) or 3.6 V (3 NiCd cells in series) will also work. The specifications of voltage regulator IC1 are mainly determined by the size and number of the solar cells and the current pull of the equipment connected to the output. Here the low-drop 4805 is suggested but other regulators may work equally well as long as you observe the output voltage of the solar cells. Transistors T1 and T2 are complementary types i.e. one each of the pnp and npn variety. Circuit diagram: Although the ubiquitous BC557B (pnp) and BC547B (npn) are indicated, any small-signal equivalents out of the junk box will probably do....

Low cost solution for charging of both NiCd and NiMh batteries Here is the circuit diagram of a low cost universal charger for NiCD - NiMH batteries. This circuit is Ideal for car use. It has ability to transform a mains adapter in to a charger . This one can be used to charge cellular phone, toys, portables, video batteries, MP3 players, ... and has selectable charge current. An LED is located in circuit to indicate charging. Can be built on a general purpose PCB or a veroboard. I hope you really like it. Picture of the circuit:    A Low Cost Universal Charger Circuit Schematic Circuit diagram: A Low Cost Universal Charger Circuit Diagram Parts: R1 = 120R-0...5W R2 = See Diagram C1 = 220uF-35V D1 = 1N4007 D2 = 3mm. LED Q1 = BD135 J1 = DC Input Socket Specifications: Ideal for in car use. LED charge indication. Selectable charge current. Charges Ni Cd or NiMH batteries. Transforms a mains adapter into a charger. Charge cellular phone, toys, portables, video b...