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      The P-N junction diode is appeared in the year 1950. It is the most essential and the basic building block of the electronic device. The PN junction diode is a two terminal device, which is formed when one side of the PN junction diode is made with p-type and doped with the N-type material. The PN-junction is the root for semiconductor diodes. The various electronic components like BJTs, JFETs, MOSFETs ( metal–oxide–semiconductor FET ), LEDs and analog or digital ICs all supports semiconductor technology. The main function of the semiconductor diode is, it facilitates the electrons to flow totally in one direction across it. Finally, it acts as a rectifier. This article gives a brief information about the PN junction diode, PN junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias and the VI characteristics of PN junction diode What is a PN Junction Diode? There are three possible  biasing  conditions and two operating regions for the typical PN-Junctio...

LASER DIODE Laser is the shortened form of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. a laser emits radiation of essentially one wave length or a very narrow band of wavelengths. This means that the light has a single colour. ie; monochromatic The unique property of light produced by a laser is that the emission is in the form of a very narrow beam without significant divergence. The light generating process of a laser diode is similar to that of an LED and the materials used are often the same. The difference is that the laser diode uses a much smaller junction and the concentration of injected carriers is much higher. The active region of a laser diode is enclosed by two aluminum enriched layers of lower refractive index to act as optical reflectors. Because of the confinement caused by these reflectors, light can exit only from the front or back faces of the laser diode. These faces are semi-transparent and form a resonator cavity for the light. At a certain current...

In this schematic circuit is presented a very simple Zener Diode Tester circuit that require few external components to  be build . Zener Diode Tester Circuit diagram As you can see in the schematic circuit , the Zener Tester  project is based on a common 741 operational amplifier .The supply need only be as high a value as the zener itself . The variable resistor P can be calibrated ( in volts ) , so when the LED 1 lights the voltage on pins 2 and 3 of the 741 operational amplifier is nearly equal .

Understanding the parameters of "diode recovery time" .For prospective technicians are still learning and inexperienced, they generally recognize only two kinds of parameters of a diode, namely: The maximum working voltage (bias voltage when he gets back - or when not deliver - or when "off") The maximum operating current (when he gets a forward bias voltage of - or as leads - or when "on") Fast  Recovery diodes A similar experience we had some twenty years ago when a new SMPS first introduced on the television. When there is a diode voltage B + is broken. And then we replace the diode from the outside (our point of diode being sold in stores, rather than the official service) diode turns hot and soon broken. We think that the replacement diode voltage or current is less bulky. Then after replacement with a larger, but the result remains the same damage. Finally we order the diode with the same part number, and when the part arrived and was installed wrong...