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End of electrical endurance After the (silver alloy) contact materials are burnt off due to contact wear, the (copper) contact carriers will weld together.

This is a simple Over - Under-Voltage Protection Of Electrical Appliances. This circuit protects refrigerators as well as other appliances from over and under-voltage. Operational amplifier IC LM324 (IC2) is used here as a comparator. IC LM324 consists of four operational amplifiers, of which only two operational amplifiers (N1 and N2) are used in the circuit. Over - Under-Voltage Protection Of Electrical Appliances Circuit Diagram The unregulated power supply is connected to the series combination of resistors R1 and R2 and potmeter VR1. The same supply is also connected to a 6.8V zener diode (ZD1) through resistor R3.Preset VR1 is adjusted such that for the normal supply of 180V to 240V, the voltage at the non-inverting terminal (pin 3) of operational amplifier N1 is less than 6.8V. Hence the output of the operational amplifier is zero and transistor T1 remains off. The relay, which is connected to the collector of transistor T1, also remains de energised. As the AC supply to the ele...

HONDA CB450T ELECTRICAL WIRING CIRCUIT Honda Motorcycle parts such as the turn signal light right front, turn signal indicator, oil pressure warning light, high beam warning lamp, speedometer light, headlight, tachometer light, neutral indicator light, turn signal light left front, ignition switch, turn signal switch, dimmer switch, clutch operated switch, horn button, horn, oil pressure switch, alternator, rectifier with regulator, rectifier, starter motor, starter magnetic switch, battery, turn signal left right rear, tail and brake light, turn signal light right rear, turn signal relay, neutral switch, capacitor discharge ignition unit, rear brake light switch, ignition coil, spark plug, front brake light switch, starter switch, engine stop switch, and many more, including color codes and diagram key.

2.2 Electrical job e ntry requirements and job descriptions In electrical engineering, the jobs are grouped and classified in the order of seniority and according to their demand. The job groups are: 1.         Artisan. 2.         Craftsman. 3.         Technician. 4.         Technologist 5.         Engineer. The artisan is at the bottom of the ranks while the engineer is at the top. Occupation pyramid 2.1.1 Artisan To train as an artisan in any specific area of electricity, one has to have obtained passes at KCPE. An artisan is a skilled operator who has a good knowledge of techniques and appropriate tools. His job does not require him to solve design problems or to perform administrative duties. 2.1.2 Craftsman Entry into craftsman training requires at least good passes at KCSE or a high achievement at the artisan...

1.5 Electrical Hazards In everyday's life we get reports of what how fires fires have caused havoc.  It is unfortunate t that when such is heard from learning institutions and heavy industries, investigations has always pointed to electric faults. There are many causes of electrical hazards.   In an electric circuit two types of hazards are possible: electric shocks, electric fires. 1.51 Electric Shocks Electric shocks are basically caused by: 1.       Poor Electric Circuit Conditions These include old and worn out or improperly serviced electric circuits and appliances. To prevent electric shocks, great care should be exercised to ensure that: a.       the wires are always properly and firmly connected, b.      they are properly insulated, c.       worn out cables are replaced immediately, d.      appliances are properly earthed. 2.       Carelessness This is the act of overlooking safet...