Correlated color temperature (or CCT) is an integral aspect of lighting design that TLP must take into account with every project. It is measured in Kelvin degrees and corresponds to the color of the light a lamp puts out. Warm color temperatures typically used in architectural lighting usually range from 2700K to 3500K. CCTs below 2700K start to become qualified as amber-colored, and are used in more specialty applications. Cool color temperatures range from 4000K up to around 7000K. Color temperature preference in lighting design varies depending on the application as well as between geographical locations. Asian societies tend to prefer higher CCTs in residences, restaurants, and stores; whereas warmer color temperatures are typically more desirable in the same applications in Western society. Warm CCTs give us a feeling of coziness. Cooler color temperatures start to come into play in hospitals and some offices, where alertness and attention to...
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This term was coined by Honeywell, USA in 1985. The first generation of instruments like flow meters were mechanical devices. The next generation used electronics for improving performance. With electronics, adjustment of range, span, zero adjustment etc. could be carried out with potentiometers. (i.e. ease of setting parameters was achieved) In some cases functions like linearization, annunciation (exceeding process limits) etc. were also integrated. With the help of 4-20mA transmitter, data transmission over longer distance was made easy. There was a considerable jump in technology in terms of improved accuracy, response, interface with operator, ease of adjustment of range and span. This was made possible with use of digital circuits, microcontrollers, ADC, DAC. Today we hear about not only Smart Transmitter/Instruments, but Smart Control Valves, Smart Machines like Microwave Ovens, Washing Machines etc. Digital Oscilloscope also can be categorized as Smart Oscilloscope. Most...
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition What is SCADA? It is supervisory control and data acquisition in which automation is done from remote locations. It is partial controller it is always used with PLC, which is main controller. PLC is located on the site but with the help of SCADA we can monitor and give command to the PLC. Why do we use SCADA in automation? In PLC we cant see the actual process ongoing in the industry for that SCADA is used in which we get animated view of that process. Using SCADA we can supervise as well as control the process. Advantages of SCADA: 1. Increase in productivity. 2. Improves quality. 3. Increase in safety. 4. Flexibility. 5. Increasing efficiency. 6. It is versatile. Elements of SCADA: 1) Object 2) Properties 3) Tags Object: - In SCADA we need some shapes to represent the actual machines e.g.tanks, pipes, ...