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This circuit have applied to line detection of robot project, Good match between the transmitter and the detector is important for proper operation, especially if the hole is large. Circuit diagram : Infrared Emitter & Detector Circuit Diagram Robot with a simple object or obstacle detection. Infrared Transmitter detector pair sensors are relatively easy to implement, although involved some degree of testing and calibration in order to make correct. They can for the impediment, motion detection, transmitters, encoders are used, and the color detection. This can be done with a piece of rope stretched between and in accordance with LED and phototransistor. A length of stiff wire or plugs can be used to set the alignment. Another method that can be used for long distances is a laser pointer shone through a hole. Source / detector alignment method The transmitter can be mounted above the track with the phototransistor placed between the rails in places like hidden deposits. Plac...

Emitter Follower is also called as Negative current feedback circuit. This circuit exhibits a large Input Impedence, a small output Impedence, and a voltage gain of approximately Unity. Further the output voltage tends to be in phase with the Input Voltage hence the term FOLLOWER. At first glance, one might be tempted to dismiss such a circuit as useless because of its unity Voltage gain. However, its Input and output Impedences promote its use as Input and output buffer stages in amplifier systems. The circuit of an Emitter Follower is shown below:- The main difference between an Emitter Follower and conventional amplifier is the absence of Collector Load and Emitter bypass Capacitor. The emitter resistance Re itself act as the Load and the ac output voltage Vout is taken across it. The biasing is provided either by base resistor method or potential divider method. Stabilization of operating point is exceptionally good because of high value of emitter resistance Re. OPERATION OF EM...