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This series is the volume of the digital amplifier That is used on or tone control. This series ic type using DS1669 Digital Pot IC specifically for this volume match. a series of settings used at the middle-class amplifier That small powerless under 50 watts.volum11components: C1 = 0.1uf Ceramic, IC = IC DS1669 Digital Pot, S1 / S2 = digital swicthOr you can use the series to this one:volum2The Work: The digital volume control IC uses 9. Click to view larger. Required to operate the series voltage regulator is 12 volts. IC1 (555) is very good to work as a flip-flop. Frequency or period can be determined with selecting value of resistor R44, R45 is combined with a capacitor C6. In this series has a 0.3 second period.IC2 is used to Decrease or increase of the calculation. In the series of this mode is used to raise up and down mode is used to Decrease the volume.  While IC4 and IC3 has a 16-channel, analogue multiplexers, while working as an analog switch. IC3 is used as in the seri...

This digital SP tachometer for bikes uses 2 reed switches to urge the speed data of the bicycle. The reed switches are put in close to the rim of the wheel where permanent magnets pass by. The permanent magnets are connected to the wheelspokes and activate the reed switches everytime they pass by it. The speed is digitally displayed. The tachometer circuit works in step with this principle; the pulses created by the reed contacts are counted inside an explicit time interval. The ensuing count is then displayed and represents the speed of the bike. 2 4026 ICs are used to count the pulses, decode the counter and management 2 7-segment LED show. RS flip-flops U3 and U4 perform as anti-bounce. The pulses arrive at the counter’s input through gate U7. The measuring amount is set by monostable multivibrator U5/U6 and might be adjusted through potentiometer P1 so the tacho are often calibrated. The circuit U1/U2 resets the counters. Electronic bicycle SP tachometer circuit diagram Since batte...

Normally analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) needs interfacing through a microprocessor to convert analogue data into digital format. This requires hardware and necessary software, resulting in increased complexity and hence the total cost. The circuit of A-to-D converter shown here is configured around ADC 0808, avoiding the use of a microprocessor. The ADC 0808 is an 8-bit A-to-D converter, having data lines D0-D7. It works on the principle of successive approximation. It has a total of eight analogue input channels, out of which any one can be selected using address lines A, B and C. Here, in this case, input channel IN0 is selected by grounding A, B and C address lines. Usually the control signals EOC (end of conversion), SC (start conversion), ALE (address latch enable) and OE (output enable) are interfaced by means of a microprocessor. However, the circuit shown here is built to operate in its continuous mode without using any microprocessor. Therefore the input control signals...

Digital Control System  is a branch of the control system with continuous time processes in the region associated with the digital controller as the controller of the control elements that control systems and computing discrete time. Depending on requirements, a digital controller can be shaped microcontroller and ASIC to a standard desktop computer. Because the digital computer system is discrete, then the Laplace transform is used in the control system is replaced with the Z-transform. Therefore, you must understand about the concept of continuous time and discrete time concept. Flow Chart - Digital Control system applications Digital computer also has a limited precision (See quantization) extra care needed to ensure that errors in the coefficients, A / D conversion, D / A conversion, etc. do not produce unwanted effects or planned. The application of digital control can easily be done when used in a feedback form. Since the creation of the first digital computer in the e...

Circuit Diagram Description The circuit was designed to create a low cost frequency meter that will cover the range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz with a digital indication using three 7-segment displays. Terminology 7805 – a 3-terminal 1A positive voltage regulator with output transistor safe area compensation, internal short circuit current limiter, output voltage of 5V, 12V, and 15V, internal thermal overload protection, no external components, and current output in excess of 0.5A 4026 – a decade counter where the count advances as the clock input becomes high and has a maximum current of about 1 mA with a 4.5 V supply and 4 mA with a 9 V supply, which can light the appropriate segments of a common cathode 7-segment display 4583 – a 4-bit single-chip microcomputer designed with CMOS technology using a simple, high-speed instruction set, equipped with four 8-bit timers, a 10-bit A/D converter, interrupts, oscillation circuit switch function, and used in application with remote control transmitt...

Here is a very simple electronic circuit project of digital to analog converter circuit diagram to build very easy.  Figure A is an R/2R resistor ladder. Each switch that is closed increases the amount of current at. A simple channel A/D converter is shown in Fig. B. Digital To Analog Converter Circuit Diagram: The voltage reference (D2) is common to all channels, but-the value of the dropping resistor (R9) varies as the number of DACs installed in the system. IC15 is a DAC0808 A/D converter chip. ICI6A is an op amp to interface the output current from the D/A convert to an analog voltage output.

In this post we are going to construct a simple digital ohmmeter circuit using Arduino and 16x2 LCD display. We will also be exploring the other possible circuit ideas using the same concept. By:  Girish Radhakrishnan  The motto of this article is not just making an ohm meter to measure the resistance; your multimeter can better do the same. The main objective of this project is to use the resistance value read by arduino to do some useful projects, for instance, fire alarm, where the change in resistance value of thermistor can be easily detected or automatic irrigation system where, if the resistance of soil goes high the microcontroller can trigger the water pump. The possibility of projects is up to your imagination. Let’s see how to make an ohm meter first and then we move to other circuit ideas. The circuit: The circuit consists of Arduino; you may use your favorite Arduino board, a 16x2 LCD display to showcase the unknown resistor value, a potentiometer to adjust contra...

This is a simple digital short finder circuit diagram is a specially designed tool for tracking and tracing short and open circuits, broken wires and current leaks on any electrical circuit . In this circuit Transistors Ql and Q2, together with resistors Rl through R7, make up the input balancing stage, which senses the resistance between points X and Y. The input stage is essentially a bridge, consisting of Rl, R2, R6, R7, and the resistance between points X and Y.  Digital Short Finder Circuit Diagram Transistors Q3 and Q4 and their associated passive components form a buzzer, which sounds when the tester detects a short. The buzzer is controlled by the output from Q2. When the input resistance is high (more than about 10 ), Q2 turns on, so its collector potential is close to ground, and the buzzer remains off. When the input resistance is sufficiently low, Q2 turns off, and the buzzer sounds. The frequency of the sound, which is about 1000 Hz, can be adjusted by varying the va...

more info / buy kit : www.smartkit.gr front side Copyright of this circuit belongs to smart kit electronics . In this page we will use this circuit to discuss for improvements and we will introduce some changes based on original schematic. General Description This is an easy to build, but nevertheless very accurate and useful digital voltmeter. It has been designed as a panel meter and can be used in DC power supplies or anywhere else it is necessary to have an accurate indication of the voltage present. The circuit employs the ADC (Analogue to Digital Converter) I.C. CL7107 made by INTERSIL. This IC incorporates in a 40 pin case all the circuitry necessary to convert an analogue signal to digital and can drive a series of four seven segment LED displays directly. The circuits built into the IC are an analogue to digital converter, a comparator, a clock, a decoder and a seven segment LED display driver. The circuit as it is described here can display any DC voltage in the range of 0-1...

The circuit above above makes use of the CMOS 4017 decade counter IC. Each depression of a switch steps the output through 0– 9. By coupling the output via an AND gate to the next IC, apredefined code has to be input to create the output. Each PBSswitch is debounced by tw1o gates of a CMOS4001 quad 2-input NORgate. This ensures a clean pulse to the input of each CMOS4017 counter. Only when the correct number of presses at PBS Awill allow PBS B to become active. This is similar for PBS C andPBS D. At IC4, PBS D must be pressed 7 times. Then PBS C is againpressed 7 times, stepping from output 1 to output 8. The ANDgate formed around CMOS4081 then goes high, lighting the LED. TheReset switch can be pressed at any time. Power on resetis provided by the 100n capacitor near the reset switch. Below isa picture of one that I made about 15 years ago:   Unfortunately, this board was part of a much larger project containing multiple power supplies. One day whilst working on another circu...

Digital Fan Regulator Circuit diagram. The circuit presented here can be used to control the speed of  fans using induction motor. The speed control is nonlinear, i.e. in steps. The current step number is displayed on a 7-segment display. Speed can be varied over a wide range because the circuit can alter the voltage applied to the fan motor from 130V to 230V RMS in a maximum of seven steps.  The triac used in the final stage is fired at different angles to get different voltage outputs by applying short-dura-tion current pulses at its gate. For this pur-pose a UJT relax-ation oscillator is used that outputs sawtooth waveform. This waveform is coupled to the gate of the triac through an optocoupler (MOC3011) that has a triac driver output stage.  Pedestal voltage control is used for varying the firing angle of the triac. The power supply for the relaxation oscillator is derived from the rectified mains via 10-kilo-ohm, 10W series dropping/limit-ing resistor R2.  The ...